Resistencia bacteriana a bacilos gram negativos asociado con uso de carbapenémicos durante la pandemia de COVID 19. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

In recent years, the application of antimicrobial treatments has faced significant challenges due to increased bacterial resistance. During 2019, the world went through a pandemic due to the COVID-19 virus, profoundly impacting the healthcare area, given the respiratory effects of the virus and the complications associated with patients' pre-existing conditions. There was an escalation in drug treatments, leading to face the bacterial resistance assumed as a result of the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in hospitalized patients during the pandemic. Objective: To describe the bacterial resistance in Gram-negative bacilli associated with carbapenem use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A narrative literature review was performed based on a systematized search of original articles, case reports, and meta-analyses published in the last five years. Results: Studies were conducted worldwide to analyze antimicrobial use in COVID-19-related respiratory infections acquired by hospitalized patients. Similar variables were found in all studies, with the main conditions occurring in male patients over 60 years of age, with comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Conclusions: The review reveals that Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common Gram-negative bacilli. Additionally, resistance to carbapenems has increased due to higher antibiotic use in hospital services against infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria in COVID-19 patients.