Terapia paliativa en enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in motor symptoms like resting tremor, rigidity, and dyskinesia, as well as non-motor symptoms, including neuropsychological and sensory alterations, among others. Its treatment is based on Levodopa/Carbidopa, with a therapeutic response that can be altered after 13 years of treatment, so it is necessary to use second-line medications such as subcutaneous Apomorphine, intraintestinal Levodopa/Carbidopa, and deep brain stimulation. Objective: To identify a palliative treatment for Advanced Parkinson's Disease by investigating scientific literature. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted to analyze the available palliative therapeutic measures for Parkinson's Disease. The search utilized DECS (Health Sciences Descriptors) terms and Boolean operators within five databases and two search engines, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Second-line therapies resulted in an improvement in the quality of life for patients by reducing on/off periods. Additionally, non-pharmacological therapy reduces the intensity of certain symptoms, helping to prevent major depressive episodes. Conclusions: Although there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, the administration of comprehensive pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy accompanied by continuous health professional guidance during the disease process reduces the patients' and their family's physical and spiritual suffering episodes.