Obesidad como factor de riesgo para desarrollo de infarto agudo de miocardio en adultos jóvenes

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity, considered the pandemic of the 21st century, was responsible for the deaths of approximately 2.8 million adults until 2021. This condition constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in up to 49% of cases, including acute myocardial infarction, which is currently responsible for one in every three deaths worldwide. Objective: To determine the impact of obesity as a risk factor for the development of acute myocardial infarction in young adults. Methodology: This is a literature review, with a descriptive level and analytical component, proposing an integrative review of the information in high-impact databases, including Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Mediographic, using descriptors such as "Obesity," "Myocardial infarction," "Young adult," as well as the analysis of scientific and academic articles, published in Spanish, English, Portuguese from 2019-to 2023. Results and Conclusions: Obesity increased from 14.8% to 26.8% over ten years from 2007 to 2017, with a BMI of 30 - <35.0 and ≥35 kg/m2, particularly in women, correlating with acute myocardial infarction. The frequent age of occurrence of acute myocardial infarction associated with obesity is between 36 ± 3.7. Obesity triggers a cardiometabolic imbalance, leading to atherosclerosis, endothelial inflammation, and thrombosis risk. Early interventions focusing on diet and promoting exercise seem to be the preventive health strategies to be implemented.