Factores de riesgo y complicaciones de la preeclampsia en el embarazo

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a highly prevalent condition in the pregnant population worldwide, responsible for a large number of maternal and neonatal complications, constituting the third leading cause of maternal deaths around the world, accounting for 14%; in Latin America, it was responsible for 20% of maternal deaths, while in Ecuador in 2021, hypertensive disorders represented the cause of 27.3% of all maternal passing reported. Given these statistics, this research aims to determine the associated risk factors and the most frequent complications of preeclampsia during pregnancy. A quantitative and descriptive study was conducted by searching for information from scientific articles on the risk factors and complications of preeclampsia in pregnancy for subsequent organization and analysis through the bibliographic manager. Following the inclusion criteria, 244 publications were found, of which 55 were not available for free, 97 were unrelated to the proposed topic, 25 were narrative reviews, 19 were journalistic articles, 15 were duplicates, and 13 were notes, leaving 20 articles in the integrative review, with 14 in English and 6 in Spanish, selected based on their thematic relevance, year of publication, study type, study population, methodology, and scientific quality.