Patologías oncológicas y el virus del papiloma humano

Abstract

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an infectious pathology caused by sexual contact, causing penile, cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal neoplasms. It is transmitted exclusively by sexual intercourse, and it is deduced that between 10 and 20 viruses cause warts and precancerous lesions. Objective: To identify the different types of cancer and their relationship with HPV through literature research. Methodology: An investigation of evidence-based articles was carried out. These were analyzed and acquired from scientific databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, Scielo, Redalyc, Google Scholar meta-search engine, and institutional pages related to the health area, including 67 documents. Results: From the data analyzed, HPV16 AND HPV18 genotypes, which proliferate in the oropharynx and cervix, were the most common. The determining factors for developing the disease were a poor use of condoms and promiscuity. The main complication is neoplasia which leads to oncologic pathologies. The most commonly used treatment to remove warts is photodynamic therapy. Patients are treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for oncological management without neglecting the role of nursing since direct patient care is based on professional ethics, providing care for the patients' comfort and well-being. Conclusion: HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are directly related to the development of cervical and oropharyngeal oncologic pathologies.