Factores de riesgo de victimización por abuso sexual infantil. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Child sexual abuse constitutes a grave violation of the physical safety and human dignity rights of children and adolescents. It involves a person or group of people exploiting a power dynamic to coerce, manipulate, or deceive minors. Understanding the factors that contribute to such acts is crucial in mitigating the associated risks. Objective: This study aimed to identify the prominent risk factors contributing to child sexual abuse victimization among children and adolescents. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted, involving an extensive search across electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis Online, ProQuest, PubMed) for articles employing a cross-sectional design. The quality of selected studies was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) tool. Results: Noteworthy risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization include single-parent households, substance abuse by both caregivers and the minor, presence of disabilities, excessive mobility, low socioeconomic status, inadequate educational systems, and the coexistence of mood and behavioral disorders. Conclusions: The determinants of victimization exhibit variability across developmental domains, with family dynamics emerging as the most influential. To effectively prevent child sexual abuse, a comprehensive approach that addresses family dynamics and provides the necessary tools for improvement is required.