Hipoglucemiantes orales en el control metabólico de la diabetes gestacional

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most prevalent pathologies nowadays, related to an inadequate lifestyle, such as sedentary lifestyle, inappropriate diet, obesity, overweight and abuse of technology to facilitate activities; these factors have an impact on the maternal-fetal axis, with a higher incidence of gestational diabetes. Objective: To describe oral hypoglycaemic agents in the metabolic control of gestational diabetes. Methodology: Narrative literature review; analysis of scientific articles from various evidence-based medicine journals with high impact on health (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Springer, LILACS, ElSevier); published from 2018 to 2023, in English and Spanish. Discussion: The pharmacological treatment of gestational diabetes, in the diversity of clinical studies, it can be evidenced that insulin should be the first drug to be used in this issue, however when it is not available, or there is any contraindication to its use, oral hypoglycaemic agents should be chosen for proper metabolic control of gestational diabetes, and always with an ideal non-pharmacological regimen: nutrition and physical exercise, which are the pillars in the management of this type of patient. Conclusion: Oral hypoglycemic agents in the metabolic control of gestational diabetes is an effective and safe option in the treatment of this disease. However, it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of each patient and to perform an adequate follow-up to ensure optimal control of the disease and prevent complications for both the mother and the fetus.