Comparación entre la citología cervical y la biopsia por colposcopia en el diagnóstico de cáncer cervical

Abstract

Cervical cancer represents one of the leading causes of female morbimortality worldwide and is therefore considered a health problem. The main etiological agent has been shown to be the human papillomavirus, or HPV. The advantage of access to the cervix for the study of pathologies allows the existence of tools such as cervical cytology (Papanicolaou) and colposcopy biopsy to prevent and diagnose these histopathological alterations and thus combat the disease. Objective: To compare cervical cytology vs. colposcopy biopsy to diagnose cervical cancer. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted based on the compilation and analysis of bibliographic material, scientific articles, and medical journals, including SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and others, over the last five years. Results: A total of 81 scientific articles were reviewed, 18 of which met the proposed inclusion criteria. After analyzing different results in several studies worldwide, colposcopy has been shown to be more sensitive and specific for the primary detection of cervical lesions. Conclusion: Detection of disease according to sensitivity in cervical cytology screening is lower than colposcopy, while, in the absence of disease determined by the specificity, values are higher with colposcopy.