Neumonía recurrente en pacientes con tetralogía de Fallot. Revisión Bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is a serious disease that can be lethal for a high percentage of the population. Epidemiological factors differ worldwide and are dependent on the pathological background of the patient acquiring it. Patients with congenital heart disease are predisposed to both cardiac and extra-cardiac complications. Patients with tetralogy of Fallot, due to their anatomical alterations, are predisposed to respiratory tract infections, which easily develop into pneumonia. General objective: to carry out an updated literature review of recurrent pneumonia in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Methodology: based on the qualitative method, under a documentary review, the data were obtained from scientific search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo and Science Direct, between January 2017 and July 2022, using PRISMA methodology, 20 documents were selected and evaluated. Results: 30 articles were selected, divided into 8 case reports, 8 were literature reviews, 14 retrospective studies. A single concept for recurrent pneumonia was determined, obtained from 6 of the authors, the prevalence of pneumonia in patients with TOF ranged from 8 to 10%, all performed in in-hospital settings. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and mortality were determined from case reports of recurrent pneumonia in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, the major presenting symptom was dyspnoea and cyanosis, the main diagnostic aid was chest X-ray, and treatment was symptomatic including antipyretics, O2 support, etc.). Conclusions: the symptoms of pneumonia in patients with TOF are similar to patients without pathological history, the treatment given is based on the causative agent. Further research on this subject is needed, as it is currently scarce.