Factores de riesgo de nefropatía diabética en adultos

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy in adults represents a microvascular impairment of diabetes, which is characterized by renal damage, which leads to glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Understanding its pathophysiology, which is a series of renal hemodynamic changes, ischemia as well as inflammation, alteration of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, autophagy of podocytes leading to renal fibrosis, enables a clear understanding of this pathology. Diabetic nephropathy staging includes 5 phases depending on significant markers such as glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, proteinuria and pathological anatomical changes affecting the kidney. The risk factors are elderly, males, obesity and the most important are hyperglycemia when the glycosylated hemoglobin value is higher than 7% and arterial hypertension when its values exceed 120/85 mmHg, these factors on the immune system cause the release of chemokines, filtration of immune cells resulting in inflammation which leads to a progressive deterioration of renal function and chronic renal disease.