Trabajos de Titulación - Extensión La Troncal - Agronomía
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/76
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Evaluación comparativa de tres hormonas enraizantes en la propagación asexual de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) variedad CCN-51 en el cantón La Troncal.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026-10-20) Guartazaca Nivicela, Jordy JoseVegetative propagation of CCN-51 cacao offers an alternative for obtaining uniform, high-quality plant material; however, rooting and cutting survival can be affected by environmental factors and propagation management practices. This study aimed to determine the effect of three rooting hormones on CCN-51 cacao plant quality and to conduct an economic analysis of the treatments using the benefit–cost ratio. The study was conducted in Colonia 10 de Agosto, La Troncal Canton, Cañar Province, Ecuador, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of Hormodin 2, Hormodin 3, Hormonagro, and an untreated control. The evaluated variables included the number of dead plants, plant height, number of leaves, and root length at 60, 70, and 80 days. The results showed no significant differences among treatments in terms of the number of dead plants or plant height. However, differences were observed in the number of leaves at 70 and 80 days and in root length at 80 days. Hormodin 2 showed the greatest root length and plant height at 80 days, whereas Hormodin 3 achieved the highest number of leaves per plant. In the economic analysis, Hormodin 2 achieved the highest benefit–cost ratio and a net benefit of $458.80. It is concluded that Hormodin 2 showed the best productive and economic performance under the study conditions.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficiencia de tres bioinsecticidas para el control de gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda) en maíz, La Troncal.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026-10-08) Mayaguari Montesdeoca , Rogger JhimsonMaize (Zea mays L.) production faces economic losses caused by Spodoptera frugiperda, whose management relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides, which negatively affect ecological balance and human health and highlight the need for more sustainable management alternatives. In response to this problem, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of three bioinsecticides in reducing S. frugiperda populations and their effects on crop yield, and to analyze the economic profitability of the treatments evaluated. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used, with four replications and four treatments: T1, potassium soap (1 L ha⁻¹); T2, Prontius IO (1 L ha⁻¹); T3, Micos Plag (100 g ha⁻¹); and T4, untreated control. The variables evaluated were population density, damage severity using the Davis scale, incidence rate, and yield per hectare. The data were statistically analyzed using Tukey’s test at the 5% significance level with Statistix 9.0 software. The results indicated that none of the evaluated variables showed statistically significant differences between the bioinsecticide treatments and the untreated control. Mean yield was 6,246.1 kg ha⁻¹, remaining within the yield range of the ADV 9139 hybrid. The economic analysis showed that T4 achieved the highest benefit-cost ratio (1.25), whereas T2 was not profitable, with a benefit-cost ratio of 0.84. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, the bioinsecticides showed the same efficacy. Therefore, further studies are recommended to evaluate these bioinsecticides in combination with releases of natural enemies and under different edaphoclimatic conditions to determine their actual potential for integrated pest management programs.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Incidencia de la poda de mantenimiento en la producción del cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao) en el recinto la Puntilla cantón La Troncal.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026-10-08) Quezada Berrones, Steffanie FernandaThe cultivation of Theobroma cacao L. is an agricultural activity of great economic importance in Ecuador; however, inadequate canopy management and disease incidence affect its productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different maintenance pruning intensities on yield, disease incidence, and the economic performance of cocoa cultivation in La Puntilla, La Troncal canton. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used, with five treatments and four replications. Four topping levels were evaluated (15, 20, 25, and 30% of the canopy), along with an unpruned control treatment. Yield was assessed at 35, 50, and 65 days after pruning, disease incidence was evaluated at 65 days, and an economic analysis was conducted. The results showed no statistically significant differences in yield among treatments; however, T3 recorded the highest yield at 65 days, with 644.13 kg ha⁻¹, whereas the control treatment recorded 524.95 kg ha⁻¹. Disease incidence showed statistically significant differences with respect to the control, with the lowest value recorded in T3 and the highest in the unpruned treatment. Regarding the economic analysis, T3 generated the highest gross income and net benefit, whereas the control treatment showed the highest benefit-cost ratio because of its lower variable costs. It is concluded that 25% topping showed the best numerical performance in yield, plant health, and net benefit during the evaluation period.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Evaluación de tres estrategias de control (químico, biológico y orgánico) contra Moniliophthora roreri en cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) variedad CCN-51 en la parroquia San Carlos provincia del Guayas.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026-10-06) Montesdeoca Ramón, Erick KevinMoniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri) is a fungal disease that limits CCN-51 cocoa production in Ecuador, affecting cocoa pods and causing yield and product quality losses. This study aimed to determine the effect of the proposed management alternatives on moniliasis incidence and severity in cocoa crops, as well as to establish the costs and profitability of the different treatments. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments: T0, untreated control; T1, biological control (Trichoderma spp.); T2, organic control (Fertiorgan); and T3, chemical control (Manzate), with five replications. The data obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were compared using Tukey’s test at the 5% significance level. The results showed numerical differences in disease incidence and severity; however, no statistically significant differences were found among the treatments. At the end of the evaluation period, T1 showed the lowest disease incidence at 2.97%, followed by T3 at 4.45%, T2 at 9.78%, and T0 at 15.45%. Regarding yield, T2 reached 150.25 kg/ha, followed by T3 at 136.73 kg/ha, T0 at 128.29 kg/ha, and T1 at 115.70 kg/ha, with no statistically significant differences among treatments. From an economic perspective, T2 showed the highest net benefit ($260.50) and the highest benefit-cost ratio (0.41). Consequently, biological control showed favorable results for disease management, whereas organic control exhibited the best productive and economic performance among the treatments.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Efecto de diferentes hormonas enraizantes y tipos de plásticos para cobertura en la propagación vegetativa de cacao CCN-51.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026-10-06) Ferreira Fernández, Frickson FernandoVegetative propagation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) enables the production of plants with desirable characteristics; however, cutting establishment, rooting, and subsequent development may be affected by the type of rooting hormone and environmental conditions during propagation. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) determine the influence of rooting hormones on root formation and the development of CCN-51 cacao cuttings, (b) identify the effect of cover colors on rooting and plant development, and (c) establish the most effective combination of rooting hormone and cover, together with its benefit–cost ratio. The study was conducted in the San José sector of La Troncal using a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement plus a control treatment and three replications. Hormodin 2, Hormodin 3, and Hormonagro were combined with light-blue, white, and transparent covers. The number of successfully established cuttings, shoot height, number of shoots, and root length were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test at the 5% significance level, using Statistix 10. Hormodin 2 resulted in greater cutting establishment and root length, whereas Hormodin 2 and Hormodin 3 resulted in greater shoot height. The transparent cover resulted in greater cutting establishment, while the light-blue cover promoted shoot height and root length. No statistically significant differences were observed in the number of shoots. Treatment T3 (Hormodin 2 + transparent cover) resulted in the highest number of successfully established cuttings and the highest production. Economically, T3 yielded the highest net benefit (US$498.00/ha) and benefit–cost ratio (5.44). It is concluded that this combination promoted cutting establishment and profitability under the study conditions.
