Medicina
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/22
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Examinando Medicina por Asesores "Chalco Calle, Diego Fernando"
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Abuso de la Metanfetamina: Neurotoxicidad dopaminérgica y alteración de la conciencia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Berrezueta Berrezueta, Johanna Alexandra; Chalco Calle, Diego Fernando; 1727437111Methamphetamine (MA or meth) is a derivative of amphetamine. Its consumption causes damage to the substantia nigra pathways in the brain, reducing dopaminergic markers such as the dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). This results in low dopamine levels and its metabolites, inflammation, and oxidative stress. It is a drug that is highly available, accessible in cost, and produces euphoric and pleasurable effects. However, its use is often associated with alterations in consciousness, psychosis, violence, mood disorders, and irritability. Literature Review: Methamphetamine acts primarily at the pulmonary level and in the central nervous system. At the pulmonary level, it can cause various respiratory diseases. MA crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters brain tissue, interfering with the transmission of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin, generating euphoric effects and altering neuronal activity. In the long term, MA abuse can lead to neurocognitive disorders, personality alterations, and aggressive behaviors. Conclusions: Methamphetamine abuse represents a serious and multifaceted threat to public health, not only because of its neurotoxic effects but also because of its ability to significantly alter the consciousness and behavior of individuals. To effectively address this crisis, it is essential to implement preventive and treatment strategies, strengthen laws and drug control policies, and foster cooperation among governments, health organizations, and communities.Ítem Acceso Abierto Drogas psicodélicas como terapia alternativa a la depresión: una revisión sobre seguridad y efectividad(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Morales Cueva, Elián Ariel; Chalco Calle, Diego Fernando; 0705268035Bibliographic evidence indicates that hallucinogenic substances, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid, can be a treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders, including depression, as conventional treatments often show limited efficacy and may cause unwanted side effects. Although psychedelic drugs have long been considered dangerous substances lacking therapeutic value, recent research has changed that perception. The significance of this research on psychedelic drugs as an alternative therapy for depression lies in the fact that there are still many questions surrounding this topic, including the safety and effectiveness of these drugs with long-term therapeutic use. Objective: To delve into the future of administering psychedelic drugs in the treatment of depression safely and effectively. Methodology: A literature review of scientific data was conducted, considering primarily original articles in various specialized databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, employing terminology like "psychedelic drugs" and "depression." Results: Psychedelics have a positive effect with few or no adverse effects in the treatment of depression. It is proposed that updated knowledge regarding the use of these substances as a therapeutic alternative be compiled and further research promoted. Conclusions: Scientific evidence supports the therapeutic potential of psychedelics; it suggests reconsidering them as effective treatments for depression, expecting to offer new options to improve the lives of those suffering from this condition.Ítem Acceso Abierto Eficacia de la terapia electroconvulsiva vs Olanzapina en pacientes con esquizofrenia refractaria(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Jara Tapia, Maybell Fernanda; Chalco Calle, Diego Fernando; 1400748693Introduction: Schizophrenia affects 1% of the world population and constitutes a therapeutic challenge when a subgroup of patients does not respond to antipsychotics, known as treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Around one-third of patients experience this phenomenon, limiting treatment options to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and olanzapine. Objective: To describe the efficacy of ECT vs. olanzapine in treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia through a literature review. Methodology: This study reviewed treatment efficacy by examining several sources and databases such as Scopus, Science, SciELO, Elsevier, PubMed, and PsycINFO, using information managers like Web of Science, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Studies without language and time restrictions were included, excluding those unrelated or with inadequate methodologies. Results: ECT and olanzapine show promise in treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ECT reduces symptoms in the medium term, especially in cases resistant to conventional treatments, according to scales like BPRS and PANSS. Olanzapine, more effective when combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and amisulpride, is safe and tolerable but requires warning due to potential side effects, especially at high doses. The choice between ECT and olanzapine should be individualized, considering each patient's specific needs and circumstances. Conclusions: The literature review indicates that ECT and olanzapine offer short and medium-term benefits. However, the scarcity of long-term studies underscores the need for additional research to obtain more conclusive data on their efficacy.Ítem Acceso Abierto Retos y adversidades en la terapia farmacológica del trastorno límite de la personalidad(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Loyola Ordoñez, Viviana Estefanía; Chalco Calle, Diego Fernando; 0105739106Introduction: Borderline Personality Disorder is a challenge for health professionals due to the symptomatic variability it presents, which leads to difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. Little evidence is available on pharmacological treatment, and the guidelines' conclusions diverge. Polypharmacy is frequent and alarming because of high rates of indiscriminate use of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Objective: To expose the challenges and adversities in pharmacological therapy for patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Methodology: In this literature review, searches were performed in PubMed, UpToDate, Springer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Dynamed Plus, and Web of Science databases. The following Spanish DeCS terms were used: treatment, borderline personality disorder, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, omega-3, therapeutic criteria, efficacy, and adverse effects; these terms were combined using the Boolean operators "AND," "OR," and "NOT." It was considered to include meta-analyses, systematic reviews, articles with quantitative methodologies, randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and randomized clinical studies in English and Spanish. Results: Scientific evidence on therapeutic alternatives and their efficacy was contrasted. Also, updated data on pharmacotherapy commonly used in Borderline Personality Disorder was collected.
