Terapia dirigida para cáncer de tiroides avanzado

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine pathology, and its prevalence has increased significantly worldwide due to overdiagnosis. The most relevant risk factors found are genetic predisposition, exposure to radiation, harmful chemicals, and carcinogens. New diagnostic methods based on the knowledge of the molecular basis of thyroid cancer have allowed the development of targeted therapies for the corresponding genomic alterations expressed by the tumor, thus offering a fully individualized therapy. Objective: to describe targeted therapy for advanced thyroid cancer. Methodology: For the present literature review on targeted therapy for advanced thyroid cancer, PubMed and Web of Science databases were consulted, where articles of scientific relevance will be identified using the search strategy the combination of keywords: targeted therapy, advanced cancer, thyroid. Articles published between the period of 2018-2022 in English and Spanish will be included. Results: A better understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid cancer has enabled the development of new drugs that treat thyroid cancer cells being more effective therapies against advanced thyroid cancer, four drugs have been found approved by the Food and Drug Administration Sorafenib and Lenvatinib for differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine, Vandetanib and Cabozantinib are approved for recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer, finding a high percentage of efficacy and safety despite the adverse effects it possesses. Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is a pathology with a high incidence worldwide, so it is necessary to treat it early. Thanks to the development of targeted drugs that act on molecular pathways, it has been possible to provide the patient with a completely individualized therapy, respecting the needs of each patient.