Impacto del tratamiento ortodóntico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with high prevalence and profound systemic and oral implications. In the dental field, the management of patients with DM, especially in the context of orthodontic treatment, constitutes a significant clinical challenge, since persistent hyperglycemia directly affects periodontal tissues and bone remodeling processes, which are fundamental elements for ensuring safe and predictable tooth movement. Objective: To analyze the impact of orthodontic treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus, highlighting risks, complications, and clinical considerations. Materials and Methods: An exploratory review of scientific literature was conducted in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar between 2015 and 2025. Studies in English and Spanish related to orthodontic treatment in diabetic patients were included. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 25 scientific articles that met the methodological and clinical relevance requirements were selected and analyzed considering their design, objectives, results, and main conclusions. Results: Much of the research analyzed suggests that patients with DM can undergo orthodontic treatment under strict glycemic control. There are increased risks of gingival inflammation, bone loss, and delayed bone tissue response to tooth movement, which could significantly prolong the total duration of orthodontic treatment. Conclusion:Orthodontic treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus is feasible but requires a multidisciplinary approach, rigorous metabolic control, constant periodontal monitoring, and adequate patient education to prevent complications and ensure favorable clinical outcomes