Factores de riesgo asociado a la amputacion del miembro inferior en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable chronic metabolic disorder characterized by deficient insulin production by the pancreas, resulting in high blood glucose values. Among the most frequent complications are neuropathies, ulcers, and diabetic foot, which cause significant morbidity and mortality in addition to generating spending on health systems and disability in patients who suffer from them. Objective: Identify the risk factors associated with lower limb amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A narrative bibliographic review was carried out on the risk factors associated with lower limb amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus. A search for original articles, Meta-analysis and experimental clinical studies was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE between the years 2015 to 2023, the DeCS/MeSH terms: "Diabetes Mellitus" "Risk Factors" "Amputation" "Lower Extremity". Conclusion: Several risk factors were analyzed; among the factors with the highest prevalence are male sex, smoking habits, and the time of evolution of the disease, which significantly increase the presentation of foot ulcers and consequently their amputation. In addition to these factors, neuropathy is mentioned as a fundamental axis in the development and gradation of the disease.