Propóleo como alternativa para el tratamiento de mastitis subclínica bovina en la parroquia Cumbe

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of propolis against the bacteria that cause subclinical bovine mastitis. The experiment was run in two phases. In the first phase, the propolis extract was obtained through the maceration method, using 90º alcohol as a solvent. In the second phase, bacteria were isolated and identified from raw milk samples from the Cumbe parish using the MALDI-TOF technique. Antibiogram disks impregnated with different concentrations of propolis were used to determine bacterial susceptibility. Statistical analysis used the Kruskal-Wallis test due to non-normality of the data. Eight bacteria were identified, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae as contagious microorganisms, and environmental type Pantoea agglomerans, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Arthrobacter gandavensis and Kluyvera cryocrescens were reported. The results showed widespread resistance to the antibiotics penicillin and doxycycline. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus warneri and Arthrobacter gandavensis showed susceptibility to propolis, with significant inhibition zones starting at 0.25 mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis against S. aureus and S. agalactiae was determined at doses of 0.1 mL and 0.05 mL, respectively. The findings suggest that propolis could be an effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of subclinical bovine mastitis, especially against certain pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics, highlighting the urgent need to investigate new therapeutic options for this disease. Key words: Bovine mastitis; etiology; propolis