Intervención de enfermería en el manejo de anemia ferropénica en el embarazo

Abstract

Introduction: iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy represents a worldwide public health problem, affecting both developed and developing countries, and occurs more frequently in pregnant women, characterized by hemoglobin levels below 11g/dL. Objective: to conduct a literature review on nursing interventions in managing iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Methodology: a structured bibliographic review was carried out in scientific databases such as Scielo, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Dialnet Plus, Medigraphic, Pub Med, Taylor & Francis, Ovid, institutional health pages, obtaining 83 scientific documents. Results: Africa represents the highest incidence of anemia, followed by Brazil, Argentina, China, and finally Mexico. Sociodemographic, economic, nutritional, and gestational factors are associated with anemia. The treatment of choice is to administer iron by enteral and parenteral routes. Complications include preterm labor, low birth weight, fetal neural development defects, premature rupture of membranes, and placenta previa. Nursing interventions for the management of iron deficiency anemia consist of health education. Conclusion: Nursing interventions are specific actions carried out to promote, prevent, recover health and avoid maternal and fetal morbimortality. The activities are based on educational talks that provide information on the importance of prenatal care check-ups, healthy nutrition, iron supplementation, and compliance with the therapeutic regimen.