Intervenciones de enfermeria en fibrosis quistica neonatal

Abstract

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic multisystemic disease commonly associated with respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, and elevated chloride levels. Its prevalence varies, affecting approximately 1 in 1,800 live newborns. Objective: This study aims to understand the disease and its progression, assess the situation of patients with cystic fibrosis, and explore the relationship with their care. Methodology: A narrative bibliographic review was conducted, gathering information from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Dialnet, ResearchGate, SciELO, and official Health Organizations' websites. Fifty papers were reviewed, with twenty used for the introduction and thirty for the results and discussion. Results: CF is a chronic multisystemic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) genes. Its prevalence varies among different countries, with a higher occurrence in males and individuals of white descent. The mutation in the gene located on chromosome 7 is one of the main factors contributing to CF. Respiratory exacerbations and premature birth can affect pulmonary maturation. The disease affects organs such as the lungs and blood vessels and may lead to intestinal obstruction. Therapeutic approaches involve the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and bronchodilators. The nursing staff is crucial in improving the patient's quality of life through various interventions. Conclusion: Nurses are essential in managing cystic fibrosis patients, promoting and educating them about effective treatment, including intravenous therapy. Keywords: Cystic fibrosis, prevalence, infants, nursing interventions, treatment, complications, associated factors.