Desinfectantes y antisépticos utilizados en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate bibliographically the main disinfectants and antiseptics used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The study applies a documentary type design through bibliographic review in databases of high impact journals such as Scopus, ScieLO, PubMed, Redalyc, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca, in English and Spanish languages, in the years 2016-2021. Results: The main antiseptics and disinfectants used in the COVID-19 pandemic were: alcohols, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, iodine compounds, anionic surfactants, phenols, sodium hypochlorite, and quaternary ammonium. The concentrations described for the disinfectants and antiseptics used in pandemic time against SARS CoV-2 are: H2O2 0.5%, benzalkonium chloride (0.05-2%), glutaraldehyde (0.5-2.5%), iodopovidone 10%, sodium hypochlorite (0.5-1%), chlorhexidine 0.5%, alcohol (70-90%), isopropanol 50%. The disinfectants and antiseptics that by in vitro and in vivo studies showed greater effectiveness, managing to reduce the SARS CoV-2 virus to undetectable levels were: chlorine at 1:49 and 1:99 ppm, povidone with iodine 7.5%, ethanol 70%, chloroxylenol 0.05%, benzalkonium chloride 0.1% and chlorhexidine 0.05% with soap solution at a concentration of 1:49, in a time of 15 minutes. The virucidal effect against COVID-19 for nasopharyngeal oral rinses was proved with solutions of 0.23% Iodopovidone and 3% hydrogen peroxide. In addition, it is confirmed that the WHO formulations of ethanol at 85% v/v and glycerin at 0.75% v/v efficiently inactivate SARS-CoV-2.