Complicaciones cerebrovasculares en pacientes hipertensos. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most significant risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (CVD), including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Given the high global prevalence of hypertension and its strong association with CDV, it is crucial to understand the relationship between HTN and various types of cerebrovascular complications, the magnitude of this risk, and the factors that may mitigate it. Objective: To identify the primary cerebrovascular diseases in hypertensive patients through a systematic review. Methodology: A methodical analysis was conducted, focusing on observational studies and clinical trials retrieved from prestigious databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Strict eligibility criteria were applied to ensure the inclusion of studies with high methodological quality and statistically significant data. Results: Twelve studies were included, comprising approximately 52,150 hypertensive patients across diverse geographic regions, primarily aged between 55 and 75 years. Of the participants, 58% were men and 42% were women. The reviewed studies identified several subtypes of CVD in hypertensive patients: thromboembolic cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack. Conclusions: In hypertensive patients, identifying and managing additional risk factors such as age, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, and unhealthy lifestyles are essential to reducing the risk of CVD. Keywords: hypertension, cerebrovascular complications, cerebrovascular disease