Mecanismos de multirresistencia antibiótica microbiana en pacientes hospitalizados en el Área de Cuidados Intensivos, Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic microbial resistance is a phenomenon in which bacteria and other microorganisms develop the capacity to resist antibiotics that were previously shown to be effective against them. This issue arises from the overuse and misuse of antibiotics at both community and in-hospital levels, which has led to a natural process of selection of resistant bacteria. This is why it is important to provide insight in patterns and trends in antibiotic sensitivity in different areas in critical care, to achieve a clearly structured approach for monitoring and controlling the use of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: The methodological design of this research is a narrative literature review based on databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science. In this way, it is possible to have more information on the topic of interest that is being researched in terms of microbial antibiotic multiresistance mechanisms. Objective: To know the different microbial antibiotic multiresistance mechanisms in patients treated in the intensive care units (ICU). Conclusion: It was found that micro-organisms can develop resistance to antibiotics by producing enzymes that alter their structure or degrade the drug, as well as by creating resistance genes through mobile genetic elements. Therefore, the importance of promoting the appropriate use of antibiotics and improving infection control measures to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in the ICU is emphasized.