Terapia Biológica en Pacientes con Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses two important diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which are multifactorial pathology disorders that affect the intestinal tract causing a serious deterioration in the quality of life of patients who suffer from them and can even lead to colorectal cancer. For its treatment there are different drugs such as 5-aminosalicylates, topical steroids, systemic steroids, immunomodulators and immunosuppressants. When this conventional therapy does not show favorable results for the patients, biological therapy is applied, which allows modifying the natural history of the disease. The objective of this review is to describe the most effective biological therapy applied to patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The database used for the search of the information presented was PubMed, searching for articles in the period from 2018 to 2023, with the bibliographic descriptors DeCS and MeSH as: inflammatory bowel disease, biological therapy, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, enhancing the search with the Boolean operator AND. In the 20 articles obtained, it is possible to describe the remission rate achieved in the different patients who consumed biologic drugs such as: Infliximab, Adalimumab, Golimumab, Vedolizumab, Ustekinumab and Tofacitinib, describing remissions in periods of 8 to 10 weeks and 6 to 12 months. It was concluded that these drugs are more effective than placebo and are an excellent option for patients refractory to conventional treatment, improving their quality of life.