Técnicas de resolución quirúrgica para labio leporino y sus complicaciones en pacientes pediátricos

Abstract

A cleft lip is a very common congenital malformation of the orofacial region; as a consequence of this condition, individuals have significant limitations in swallowing, chewing, breathing, and even vocalizing correctly, resulting in self-esteem problems due to the perception of themselves and their environment. Therefore, the aim is to describe surgical techniques to resolve cleft lip and its complications in pediatric patients. The current research is a Narrative Bibliographic Review. It will be based on a systematic search in databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane. It will apply the Prisma methodology with bibliographic descriptors such as DeCS/MeSH and keywords, considering the last 5 years in English and Spanish, in addition to their corresponding inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicate prevalence rates between 0.33 to 0.44 individuals per thousand inhabitants, and in less significant samples, there are 1.37 cases per thousand inhabitants with a prevalence in males. Additionally, there are several plastic surgery techniques to approach the malformation, and some provide better long-term results. Still, they are not exempt from complications, particularly in the postoperative period, where vestibulopalatine fistulas are found, or states of emerging restlessness due to the metabolism of anesthesia in pediatric patients. Recently, it has been recommended to conduct ultrasounds focused on detecting and diagnosing cleft lip in a standardized way by 20 weeks of pregnancy and a multidisciplinary approach with health care professionals.