Litiasis renal en pacientes gestantes: diagnóstico y manejo

Abstract

Introduction: the worldwide prevalence of renal lithiasis varies from 4 to 17 cases per 1000 inhabitants and, being considered a multifactorial disease, epidemiological, racial, geographical and hereditary aspects have been estimated. The incidence of stones in pregnant women is 1 per 1500 pregnancies. General objective: to present the diagnosis and management of renal lithiasis in pregnant patients. Methodology: narrative bibliographic review of studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, bibliographic reviews that report updates on the diagnosis and management of nephrolithiasis in pregnant patients from 2018 to 2023, in English and Spanish. Results: 34 articles were chosen, where we found that the main risk factors found for nephrolithiasis in pregnant patients are age, personal history of nephrolithiasis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, race, climate, calcium supplementation, vitamin C and D. Renal/pelvic ultrasound is the preferred initial imaging modality. The use of antibiotics and symptom control with analgesia and antiemetics should be considered. Most stones, about 85%, pass spontaneously due, in part, to the normally dilated urinary tract in pregnant patients. Conclusions: urolithiasis during pregnancy is one of the main causes of abdominal pain and subsequent hospital admission during pregnancy.