Factores asociados a infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida

Abstract

Nosocomial infections are a negative indicator of the quality of healthcare services, with patients suffering from Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) being highly prone to acquiring them due to their immunodeficiency and the presence of multiple risk factors. The research aimed to determine the factors associated with nosocomial infections in AIDS patients through a qualitative, documentary, descriptive, and non-experimental methodology, using the PRISMA tool, which led to the inclusion of 12 publications from databases such as Redalyc, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, KILLKANA SALUD, UCACUE Repository, and other Higher Education Institutions. The results showed that the most frequent nosocomial diseases in AIDS patients included pneumonia, tuberculosis, urinary sepsis, neuroinfection, candidiasis, and digestive pathologies. Risk factors that enhance their development include comorbidities, the absence of antiretroviral therapy, emotional issues such as anxiety and depression due to the diagnosis, immunocompromise inherent to the pathology, the use of invasive devices and procedures, and prolonged hospital stays. A significant direct relationship was identified between risk factors and the development of nosocomial diseases in AIDS patients. The study concludes that the greater the exposure of AIDS patients to risk factors, the higher the likelihood of acquiring a nosocomial infection during hospitalization, which prolongs their hospital stay, complicates their clinical situation, and endangers their lives.