Atención odontológica en pacientes pediátricos con trastornos del espectro autista. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

In dental consultations, the lack of knowledge on how to treat patients with autism spectrum disorders could increase episodes of periodontal disease, cavities, or the premature loss of primary teeth. This study aimed to identify the minimum considerations before providing dental care to pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Searching documents addressing the care of pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, and Web of Science. The analysis of the scientific literature was based on 17 manuscripts, which highlight that dental care should consider a) prior preparation, b) environment and communication, c) adaptations during treatment, and d) collaboration among the care team. It is concluded that patients with autism attending dental consultations receive care like any other child. However, dental professionals acquire specific knowledge, skills, and techniques to treat these patients in the dental environment. In this context, it is essential to establish a collaborative relationship between the patient's family and the dentist, as this contributes to the success of the treatment. Keywords: autism, oral health, autism spectrum disorder, oral hygiene, dental care