Prevalencia, incidencia y factores de riesgo de la preeclampsia. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that can develop during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period, leading to severe and even life-threatening complications for both the mother and the fetus. Objective: To determine preeclampsia's prevalence, incidence, and risk factors via a systematic review. Methodology: A qualitative study with a phenomenological design was conducted through a systematic review utilizing scientific databases such as SciELO, Scopus, Dialnet, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Articles from 2018 to 2023 in Spanish and English were considered for this process. The PRISMA method recommendations and the "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT-2010)" checklist were followed to assess the quality of the studies. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia, despite the efforts of health organizations worldwide, remains high. It is seven times higher in developing countries than in developed countries, and the incidence of this health problem ranges between 2-10% of pregnancies around the world; in Ecuador, preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality, according to the Ministry of Health.