Intervenciones de Enfermería en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition that results in progressive partial or total paralysis, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. The Objective is to describe nursing interventions in multiple sclerosis. Methodology: A literature review was conducted by systematically selecting articles from scientific databases. Search equations were formed using keywords and Boolean operators such as AND, OR, and NOT. Results: The findings report a prevalence of 36 individuals per 100,000 population. Factors associated with this condition include female gender, white race, age between 20 and 40 years, family history, exposure to herpes and retroviruses, and low levels of vitamin D due to limited sun exposure. Comorbidities may delay the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, even after clinical symptoms appear, and they can increase the disability accumulation rate and the frequency of relapses. Hypertension, obesity, mental disorders, metabolic disease, and diabetes are the main complications. Nursing care focuses on adhering to treatment for symptom relief, preventing disease progression, supporting recovery, and minimizing new relapses. Conclusion: It is concluded that, in patients with MS, nursing interventions focus on a personalized assessment to address nursing diagnoses that lead to a positive outcome, thereby improving their quality of life.

Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Classification of Nursing Interventions.