Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico: Perspectiva Clínica Y Tratamiento: Caso Clínico Ilustrativo

Abstract

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a medical emergency caused by the obstruction of a cerebral artery, leading to an interruption in blood flow and, consequently, neurological deficits that vary depending on the affected region. This condition is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, making early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach by the healthcare team crucial, especially the role of intensive care nursing. Objective: To analyze a case of ischemic stroke to highlight relevant data on the disease and the most important nursing care. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study of a clinical case of ischemic stroke, with a holistic approach that integrates healthcare, teaching, and research experience from admission to discharge. A systematic review of the medical record was performed, and a search was conducted in high-impact databases (Scopus, PubMed, WoS, LILACS, and ProQuest) for literature published in the last five years. The case is presented chronologically, detailing clinical findings, laboratory and imaging studies, as well as medical and nursing interventions under an intensive and humanized care model. Inclusion criteria were applied based on complete records with informed consent and exclusion of insufficient data, ensuring confidentiality and ethical-scientific rigor. Results: A 72- year-old patient with clinical symptoms and neurological findings underwent a brain CT scan, which showed an extensive hypodense lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with involvement of the brain stem. These findings suggest clear signs of intracranial hypertension, which represents a life-threatening situation, especially considering his multiple comorbidities and the potential risk of acute deterioration. Conclusion: Early care and systematic reassessment were decisive in identifying and treating the cerebellar infarction before herniation. Multidisciplinary management, combining strict hemodynamic control, osmotic diuretics, and respiratory support, favored edema reduction and neurological stability. Keywords: Cerebral vascular disease; cerebral ischemia; cerebral ischemic vascular event; thrombectomy.