Intervención de enfermería en pacientes con psoriasis

Abstract

Introduction: Psoriasis is a severe and chronic multisystemic dermatological disorder with periods of exacerbation; these characteristic clinical symptoms significantly complicate patients' daily lives. Methodology: A bibliographic study explored scientific papers in the following databases: Scopus, SpringerLink, ProQuest, the Reference, Redalyc, SciELO, and PubMed. Keywords from the Descriptor for Health Sciences (DeCS) were also considered. Results: The studies analyzed the prevalence, associated factors, complications, treatments, and nursing care in psoriasis patients. Among the primary results, it was found that psoriasis in the world population is approximately 2%, with incidence rates varying between 60.4 and 140 cases per one hundred thousand inhabitants. It is essential to emphasize that these percentages differ according to region, country, race, and gender. Psoriasis has a genetic basis; thus, descendants of individuals with this condition are prone to developing it. This autoimmune disease mistakenly affects the skin's healthy cells. This pathology can trigger cardiovascular problems, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. Treating psoriasis involves three dimensions: topical, systemic, and biological. Conclusions: Nursing is a fundamental element in treating psoriasis since they work holistically, providing education on skin care, emotional support if necessary, and timely follow-up to ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment.