Complicaciones de catéteres percutáneos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales

Abstract

Percutaneous catheters or also known as peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) provide safe intravenous access for the administration of medication and total parenteral nutrition to maintain the life of the infant. The PICCs are invasive devices that are a risk factor in patients who need it amongst the infectious and mechanical complications include obstruction, catheter rupture, non-elective removal, phlebitis, thrombosis, and infection of the bloodstream. Objective:To analyze the current researches on complications of percutaneous catheters in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology:Bibliographic review through a search in scientific bases Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest and Portal Regional da BVS, 50 articles published between 2016-2020, in several languages, were selected to obtain the necessary information and answer the research questions posed in this work. Results:The most frequent complications were mechanical type: occlusion, rupture, extravasation, migration, and phlebitis; infectious type: insertion site infection, bloodstream infection, sepsis. Among the measures recommended in the literature for percutaneous catheter placement in the neonatal ICU were: hand washing and antisepsis, use of sterile material during the insertion procedure, maintenance, and disinfection of the patient's skin. Conclusions:To conclude, this article contributes with some positive critical reflections of the medical terms and challenges of the daily experience of nursing care, related to the insertion, maintenance, and care of safe vascular access to guarantee intravenous therapy, with minimum complications.