Atención de enfermería en la prevención y cuidado de pie diabético

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic foot is a pathology that affects with great impact diabetic people worldwide causing amputations of lower limbs so guidelines and protocols have been implemented for its evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Objective: To conduct a literature review research on nursing care in the prevention and care of the diabetic foot. Methodology: In the present bibliographic review, 63 scientific documents were analyzed, of which 50 are field articles, 11 articles of bibliographic review, 1 book, and a guide comprising countries worldwide. Results and discussion: In the prevalence of diabetic foot there is a percentage ranging from 1.4% to 25% worldwide. In the list of the most used classification scales for diagnosis, we have the Wagner and Texas scale. The factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers include age, previous amputations, peripheral neuropathy, arterial disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and poor glycemic control. Among the most effective preventive measures, self-care is highlighted. For the therapeutic approach, we find different options known as regenerative medicine, all of them to close the diabetic foot ulcer wound. Conclusion: The education of diabetic patients by nurses is of great importance since it allows to guide them to identify different signs and symptoms with this pathology and thus the patient can maintain their self-care and prevent complications such as ulcers in their feet.