Terapia con ondas de choque en enfermedades osteomioarticulares. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy involves high-energy pressure waves directed at tissues, which helps treat musculoskeletal conditions such as nonunion fractures, plantar fasciitis, tendinopathies, and tendon calcifications. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of shock wave therapy in osteomyomuscular conditions. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, and qualitative systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria: Scientific studies published between 2019 and 2024 in English or Spanish, indexed in databases; Exclusion criteria: Articles published before 2019, other treatments for osteomyomuscular diseases, paid or unavailable articles, and articles in languages other than English or Spanish. Results synthesis: Presented through title, author, country, year, study type, results, and associated factors. Results: Ten randomized clinical trials with 570 participants were included. Shock wave therapy showed statistically significant results in reducing pain and improving stability, functionality, and electrophysiological parameters in various osteomyomuscular conditions; all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported statistically significant p-values (p<0.05). Conclusions: Shock wave therapy has proven effective in reducing pain and increasing functionality in various musculoskeletal conditions; however, further research is needed to establish consistent treatment protocols and better understand long-term effects. Keywords: joint, disease, osteomyomuscular, shock waves