Factores de riesgo asociados a la depresión postparto. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Postpartum depression represents a worldwide public health problem and is the fourth leading cause of maternal death. It is classified as one of the major depressive disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), diagnosed two weeks after childbirth. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with postpartum depression. Method: A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It was based on an exhaustive review of available literature from SciELO, PubMed, and Taylor and Francis Online databases. Results: The risk factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) include single marital status (OR: 7.9, p-value: 0.001), financial difficulties (OR: 4.7, p-value: <0.001), multiple parity (OR: 2.85, p-value: <0.0001), gestational hypertension (OR: 2.3, p-value: <0.001), gestational diabetes (OR: 2.26, p-value: <0.001), history of depression (OR: 1.66 to 10.60, p-value: <0.001 to 0.00), bipolar disorder (OR: 5, p-value: 0.02), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 9.170, p-value: <0.001), family history of mental disorders (OR: 2.97, p-value: <0.001), severe anxiety (OR: 273.00, p-value: 0.00), moderate anxiety (OR: 17.38, p-value: <0.001), high parental stress during the last month (OR: 12.48, p-value: <0.0001), previous health problems (OR: 5.33, p-value: 0.002), and having a newborn admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (OR: 3.88, p-value: <0.001). Discussion: The results reveal a correlation between the identified risk factors, though it is important to highlight the scarcity of research on this topic within the country. Keywords: risk factors, depression, postpartum, depressive disorder