Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 en la infancia. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficient pancreatic insulin secretion conditioned by the destruction of pancreatic B cells by the action of autoantibodies present in the pancreas. This study aims to analyze the current theoretical references of type 1 diabetes in childhood. Methodology: This literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, focusing on the implications of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the lives of infants, the therapeutics, and lifestyle maintenance. No variables were manipulated. A first selection of 186 studies was extracted from which 35 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria in digital databases. Results: Nine studies indicate that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, associated with hyperglycemia as a typical manifestation and its debut as diabetic ketoacidosis; 16 studies show that the use of continuous insulin infusers and an artificial pancreas system associated with continuous glucose monitoring improve glycemic control; and 11 studies contain information on nutritional education as a fundamental tool in metabolic control. Conclusions: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that impacts the quality of life of affected children. Current evidence suggests that glycemic control, lifestyle changes, and a therapeutic approach are essential for the prevention of micro and macrovascular complications. Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, childhood, treatment