Tromboflebitis de la vena porta en pacientes con apendicitis complicada. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Pylephlebitis is a rare pathology associated with intra-abdominal infections being the most frequent: diverticulitis and appendicitis, due to its non-specific clinical manifestations. It can lead to early mortality, prolonged treatment with antibiotics and anticoagulation, and a high probability of portal system reperfusion. Objective: To investigate the most prevalent symptoms and the most effective treatment in patients presenting with portal vein thrombophlebitis with complicated appendicitis. Methodology: The study is a narrative literature review. The databases PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect were searched. Results: The most prevalent symptoms of pylephlebitis are: fever (75.5%), abdominal pain (66.4%), vomiting (25.5%), and diarrhea (17.3%). In rare cases, jaundice is present in 12.7% of patients. Regarding the treatment, it was found that the combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics and anticoagulant therapy was the most effective. Conclusions: The most prevalent clinical manifestations of pylephlebitis were: abdominal pain and fever. As for the effectiveness of treatment, it was found that the combination of antibiotics and anticoagulant therapy showed a satisfactory result.