Enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo de parto prematuro – revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal Disease (PD) is an oral infection of bacterial origin, considered among the most common diseases globally. Scientific advances in the last decade reveal several mechanisms by which remote infections, such as PD, may be part of the pathogenesis of preterm labor (PTL). Thus, it can be assumed that periodontal infections are a risk factor for PTL. Objectives: To clarify the possible association of periodontal disease as a risk factor for preterm delivery in pregnant patients through a literature review. Methods: The information was collected from Elsevier, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, SciELO, and ProQuest. Discussion: Regardless of the multiple studies that have tried to link PD as a risk factor for PTL, the results remain unclear, and the controversy in the scientific community continues without establishing a positive association between these variables. Conclusions: There are a large number of studies linking PD during the gestational stage with PTL. However, there is still noa need for a definitive answer to the integrity of this information due to the large number of variables that can intervene in obtaining a specific result. The review states that there is tangible evidence showing that non- surgical periodontal treatment can be applied safely for both mother and the fetus during the entire gestational stage.