Principales factores de riesgo para el dasarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Abstract

Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are "Delirium, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders, and Dementia." Mild and major neurocognitive disorder is the most frequent; it is caused by Alzheimer's disease and is characterized by a progressive deficit of reasoning and cognitive functions due to a neurodegenerative process. Objective: To identify the main risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: A bibliographic review, keywords, and Boolean operators were used to search for scientific articles. Results: Thirty validated and published papers in the last five years in certified scientific databases were used. Conclusions: The main non-modifiable risk factors are: age, followed by the female sex, genetics combined with certain lifestyle habits, which are involved in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease. Among the modifiable risk factors are: insomnia and vitamin deficiency; the main comorbidities identified that are associated with the disease are: metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, and arterial hypertension, which are generally present in older adults; conversely, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism, in people under 65 years. Cognitive impairment represents a risk of 33%, while anxiety has a risk four times higher in the development of the pathology.