Intervenciones de enfermería en adultos mayores con sarcopenia

Abstract

Abstract: Sarcopenia is a clinical disorder characterized by the progressive reduction of muscle strength and mass, beginning in the third decade of life and increasing with age, leading to physical weakening, vulnerability, disability, dependence, and an increase in health problems and mortality rates. Methodology: This research is a narrative literature review based on the analysis of original articles consulted in scientific databases: Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Redalyc published in the last 5 years, using search strategies through the different MeSH keywords such as "Sarcopenia", "Aged", "Nursing Care". Different search strategies were created, combined with the Boolean operator AND. Results: Sarcopenia is prevalent among elderly people, and in Ecuador, it reaches 61.2%. The most significant risk factors found included age, gender, body composition, diet, and physical activity levels. These factors can trigger problems such as reduced capacity to perform daily tasks, increased likelihood of falls, and vulnerability. Treatment for this pathology is based on building muscle mass and nutritional interventions. Conclusion: Nursing care for sarcopenia includes risk assessment, evaluation by functional patterns, in addition to interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and nutritional recommendations. Keywords: sarcopenia, aged, risk factors, nursing care, standardized nursing terminology.