Encefalitis post COVID -19: reporte de caso

Abstract

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma that can be caused by infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), or autoimmune reactions. Although it is unusual, it has a mortality rate of up to 6 %, mainly affecting men and causing severe consequences such as neuronal injuries and respiratory complications. The case of a 33-year-old man with recent COVID-19 history who developed post-viral encephalitis is presented. The patient was admitted with generalized seizures, and progressive neurological deterioration. Despite the therapeutic efforts, the patient maintained a guarded prognosis. During his hospitalization, he developed ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, persistent mixed acidosis, and an increased FiO2 requirement. The diagnosis of post-COVID-19 encephalitis was confirmed through a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study using FILMARRAY, which excluded other infections. Despite treatment, the patient did not respond favorably and died. This case illustrates the severity of post-COVID-19 encephalitis, as its prognosis is poor. Early diagnosis and more specific treatment are required, including the detection of autoimmune antibodies such as anti-NMDA, in order to improve outcomes in future cases.