Prevención de litiasis renal en adultos. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Antecedents: Renal lithiasis, also known as urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis, corresponds to the group of crystallopathies in which a renal stone is formed in the urinary tract due to a set of complex events, generally of a metabolic nature. The epidemiological indices of nephrolithiasis are increasing, with limited choices of drugs and therapies that affect a significant percentage of the population worldwide.

Objective: To describe the prevention of renal lithiasis in adults.

Methodology: A narrative-type bibliographic review was used, and a bibliographic search was carried out using different databases such as Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SciELO. Papers published in the last five years were consulted.

Results: The prevention of renal lithiasis is based on pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. There is an association between the intake of liquids such as cocoa, tea, coffee, and citrus juices and a decrease in the incidence of kidney stones. Likewise, obesity is associated with an increase in renal lithiasis due to the consumption of lithogenic substances. There seems to be evidence of the relationship between metabolic syndrome, although the opposite is evident regarding oxalocalcic stones.

Conclusions: The management of renal lithiasis should not be unified, but should aim to adapt to each patient in a particular way. Since the effects of these lithiasis conditions are related to the quality of life and morbidity in most cases, prevention should be initiated through hygienic-dietary measures supporting specific pharmacological therapies