Efectos de los inhibidores del cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2 en la anemia

Abstract

Introduction: The relevance of this review lies in the growing evidence that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) go beyond their traditional use in managing type 2 diabetes, showing potential benefits for treating anemia associated with chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease and heart failure. This review examines the impact of SGLT2i on erythropoiesis, thereby enhancing life expectancy and quality of life. Literature Review: Recent studies indicate that SGLT2i improve tissue hypoxia and anemia by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the renal tubules, reducing oxygen consumption, and improving renal tissue oxygenation. This results in an elevation of erythropoietin production, an increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, and an improvement in survival, as well as a reduction in renal and cardiovascular events. The underlying mechanisms include reducing inflammation and modulating hypoxia signaling and ferrokinetics. Conclusions: SGLT2i have an extended therapeutic effect that goes beyond glycemic control, also including the regulation of anemia in patients with chronic diseases. These findings suggest a paradigm shift in the therapeutic approach, offering a more comprehensive treatment for these comorbidities.