Eritema indurado de Bazin. Reporte de un caso

Abstract

Background: The term Bazin's erythema induratum was first proposed in the mid-19th century by Ernest Bazin, who recognized the association between tuberculosis's distinctive clinical and histological changes. Bazin's erythema induratum is a rare cutaneous tuberculosis due to a hypersensitivity reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinically, it presents as nodular eruption, preferably located in the posterior lower limbs area, often multiple, painful to pressure, and evolving chronically and recurrently. Case Description: A 25-year-old female patient with painful erythematous nodular lesions in her arms and legs for three years, which occasionally disappeared, was treated with penicillin and anticoagulants without improvement of the condition. It was noted that she had a history of living with her uncle, who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathology exams reported lobular granulomatous panniculitis with fibrosis and necrosis, negative Ziehl-Neelsen stain, positive PPD 11, and standard chest X-ray. Antitubercular treatment was started with evident improvement after 20 days of treatment. Conclusion: Diagnosing Bazin's erythema induratum is challenging due to its similarity with other dermatological and systemic diseases. Positive IGRA and tuberculin skin tests can help strengthen clinical suspicion, but definitive confirmation partly depends on the favorable response to treatment.