Estrategias cardioprotectoras en casos de cardiotoxicidad en pacientes con cáncer que reciben quimioterapia

Abstract

Background: A high prevalence of cardiac pathologies following chemotherapy in cancer survivors, arousing great interest in preventing this type of complication. Objectives: To describe cardioprotective strategies for cases of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Also, to indicate risk factors, cardiotoxicity effects of chemotherapeutic agents, and methods for early detection of cardiotoxicity. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted, including meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort and experimental studies, and narrative reviews based on scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Cochrane. Studies that have met the the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. Results: Fifty-four studies on the research subject were collected and a final analysis was performed using 22 studies, describing risk factors, diagnostic methods, cardiotoxic drugs, and the main cardioprotective strategies in cases of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Conclusions: Preventive cardiology is imperative to control risk factors and to promote a better understanding to develop a global consensus on targeted pharmacological cardioprotective strategies.