Parálisis cerebral infantil en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Introduction: Infantile cerebral paralysis (ICP), is a motor impairment caused by early brain injury, produced during the prenatal, natal, or postneonatal stage. It is the most common cause of disability in childhood, characterized mainly by a motor impairment ranging from mild to severe, in addition to presenting different comorbidities. This disorder is permanent, but not progressive, therefore, its therapeutic approach must be early, individualized and constant. Methodology: Literature review study, with information extracted from the following scientific databases: Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Dialnet, Redalyc, Medigraphic, Taylor&Francis, to answer the research questions. Results: The prevalence of ICP varies from country to country, ranging from 1 to 5 per 1,000 live births, being higher in developing countries. Its development is due to factors that determine neurological lesions during the pre-, peri- and postnatal stages. There are several therapeutic approaches, most of them focused on improving the motor function of patients. As nurses, we do not neglect the family member or caregiver of the child due to the care required by the patient's condition the economy, and the health of the caregiver altering their quality of life. Conclusions: ICP is a prevalent disease that determines permanent disability, therefore, its approach should be early to avoid complications, poor living conditions for the patient and caregiver, and finally increase their life expectancy.