Intervenciones de enfermería en la atención del onfalocele

Abstract

Omphalocele is a defect of the abdominal wall characterized by herniation or protrusion of internal organs and is usually covered by a membrane of amnion and peritoneum. Objective: To analyze nursing interventions in the care of omphalocele through a literature review. Methodology: Descriptive bibliographic review through a search of documents in databases and scientific search engines such as Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, ProQuest, PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Redalyc, and ScienceDirect. Results: Fifty-three documents were reviewed, and it was found that the prevalence of omphalocele varies from 0.74% to 5.13% per 10,000 live births; at the same time, in the following analysis, it was identified that the leading risk factor for the occurrence of omphalocele is the age of the mother < 20 or > 40 years. On the other hand, the appropriate therapeutic approach for repairing omphaloceles >5 cm is staged closure or delayed closure, while in small omphaloceles, it is by primary closure. After that, the most relevant complication in omphalocele is sepsis, and as a consequence of this defect, different nursing interventions are required, starting with covering the omphalocele and ending with stabilizing the neonate. Conclusion: Omphalocele is a congenital malformation with high morbidity, mortality, and lethality because it is associated with numerous anomalies. Therefore, it is necessary to implement better methods to prenatally identify high-risk pregnancies and improve the survival rate of these neonates through quality care.

Keywords: prevalence, omphalocele, neonate, nursing care