Necesidades nutricionales básicas y suplementarias en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease is considered a global health problem that alters the body’s physiology, so its management should be multidisciplinary. Nutrition also plays a significant role. Nutritional treatments among these patients should be considered vital in their care; they are highly effective since they control uremic symptoms and prevent and control renal dysfunction progression. Objective: To establish basic and supplementary nutritional needs in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methodology: This is descriptive research through a literature review based on evidence collected in scientific articles from different journals examined carefully and objectively, built on different points of view, generating updated content about the problem and demonstrating its relevance in the medical field. Results: This review shows how controlled nutritional treatments, covering both basic and supplementary needs, and focused on the current status of each patient and their comorbidities, can prevent and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease; besides metabolic and structural complications, such as protein energy wasting significantly improving the quality of life and life expectancy. In order to achieve this, it is necessary an initial evaluation, education to encourage adherence to this type of treatment, and regular check-ups to provide updates on the current health status and needs of patients