Intervenciones de enfermeria en pacientes con mieloma múltiple

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple Myeloma is the most frequent cancer in men, it develops in the blood in the plasma cells that help fight against viruses and bacteria. Its signs and symptoms are chronic pain, high probability of bone lesions, fever without apparent cause, and bleeding; in case the cancer is in advanced stage, renal damage is evident and there is no cure. Objective: To present the epidemiological situation, the worldwide and national prevalence of multiple myeloma, risk factors, complications, treatment, and nursing approach. Methodology: The search was conducted through bibliographic research in different databases and the use of Boolean operators. Results: The prevalence of multiple myeloma predominates in the male sex; the ages diagnosed are between 50 and 65 years of age; and the associated factors are sex, age, ethnicity, obesity, and cardiovascular comorbidities. Its treatment consists of bone marrow transplants, chemotherapy, erythropoietin, and other combined drugs; nursing interventions are oriented to relieve the symptoms and in some cases in palliative care. Conclusion: Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that attacks plasma cells. It has a high prevalence in men, risk factors are age and having a history of any cancer, treatment is of long duration, but aimed at increasing survival up to 10 years and nursing care will be aimed at pain relief. Keywords: Multiple Myeloma, prevalence, treatment, nursing care