Hipotiroidismo subclínico como factor predictivo a enfermedades cardivasculares

Abstract

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a pathology mostly asymptomatic. The scientific field has debated the connection between this variant of hypothyroidism as a predictive factor for the presence of cardiovascular diseases, with no conclusive results. General objective: To determine the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism as a predictive factor for cardiovascular disease. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted utilizing health area databases. The guidelines to be followed were PRISMA 2020. Searches were performed using keywords. Scientific articles in English and Spanish after 2017 were examined. Results: 32 articles on the subject were collected, finding that the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism is common in women and that the pathology may increase with age. Between 8 % and 18 % of adults aged 65 years or older have subclinical hypothyroidism. Arterial hypertension, ischemic disease, and valvular disease are the pathologies for patients with this health condition. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCH varies from one population group to another, which is influenced by risk factors. As with most thyroid diseases, it is more common in women and older people. Arterial hypertension is the most recurrent disease associated with SCH, although the effect on lipid metabolism favors the appearance of other conditions, such as atherosclerosis.