Modulación de la microbiota intestinal en el tratamiento de la obesidad. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Research on the relationship between gut microbiota and obesity has significantly increased in recent decades. The first connection was established through studies in mice; researchers have identified a relationship between dietary interventions and microbiota composition. These studies have demonstrated that modulation of the gut microbiota can increase the population of beneficial microorganisms and lead to changes in body weight, providing a potential therapeutic approach for obesity, a metabolic disorder that has become a public health crisis. Since 1975, the prevalence of obesity has tripled and continues to rise significantly. Therefore, this study aims to explore gut microbiota modulation as a treatment for obesity. A qualitative systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, involving the selection of original scientific articles published within the last five years, in Spanish or English, from various academic databases. Data were extracted and analyzed from multiple studies focusing on the type of intervention applied and its effects on patients, particularly with anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as its impact on gut microbiota composition. The findings suggest that different diets, as well as the intake of prebiotics and probiotics, can alter the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn may be used as a treatment strategy for obesity by improving and regulating anthropometric measures and biochemical markers, such as glucose levels and lipid profiles. Keywords: gut microbiota, obesity, diet, probiotics, prebiotics